2020年以來，新冠疫情來勢兇猛，與大部分行業(yè)一樣，全球絲綢產(chǎn)業(yè)及消費(fèi)市場遭受嚴(yán)重打擊。但疫情也同時(shí)加快了“宅時(shí)代”和“云時(shí)代”的到來，營銷渠道和消費(fèi)格局正在發(fā)生改變。為全面了解疫情對世界絲綢產(chǎn)業(yè)及消費(fèi)市場的影響，研判未來絲綢產(chǎn)業(yè)及消費(fèi)走勢，為企業(yè)應(yīng)對變革提供建議和參考，國際絲綢聯(lián)盟發(fā)起新冠疫情對世界絲綢產(chǎn)業(yè)及消費(fèi)市場走勢調(diào)研。
The COVID-19 has been fierce since early 2020, like most industries, the world silk industry and consumer market have been severely hit. And the epidemic has also accelerated the arrival of the “House Times” and “Cloud Times”, the marketing channels and consumption patterns is changing. In order to fully understand the impact of COVID-19 on the world silk industry and consumer market, study the future trends of the silk industry and consumption, and provide suggestions and references for companies to respond the changes, International Silk Union launched the research of Impact of COVID-19 on World Silk Industry and Consumer Market Trends.
國際絲綢聯(lián)盟匯總了來自意大利、日本、巴西、印度、泰國、越南、柬埔寨、老撾、印度尼西亞等國家和地區(qū)的調(diào)研，通過問卷了解了新冠疫情對國際絲綢產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響。
ISU summarized surveys from Italy, Japan, Brazil, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia and other countries and regions to understand the impact of the COVID-19 on the world silk industry.
During the survey, we collected opinions and reviews from experts and scholars from silk enterprises and scientific research units in various countries. Some reviews are as follows.
新冠肺炎對世界絲綢產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響
您認(rèn)為此次新冠疫情會(huì)給世界絲綢產(chǎn)業(yè)和消費(fèi)市場帶來哪些變革？企業(yè)在恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)和增加銷售方面應(yīng)該如何努力？政府和行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)應(yīng)在哪些方面加強(qiáng)保障和提供幫助？您認(rèn)為絲綢企業(yè)應(yīng)該在哪些方面加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對措施？
What changes do you think the COVID-19 will bring to the world silk industry and consumer market? What companies should do to resume production and increase sales? What governments and industry associations should do to strengthen the safeguards and provide support? What measures the companies should strengthen to response the epidemic?
部分專家觀點(diǎn)與意見
Some experts review
巴西成員單位
COVID-19 is decreasing the speed of production and consumption of all industries and all over the world. This sudden decrease will create the environment to enhance the concept of Circular Economy that enables economic growth detached from consumption of natural resources. On fashion the necessity of sustainability was pointing out to the necessity of consumption decrease on medium and long term and big retailers such as H&M and Zara were adapting themselves to it. COVID-19 will make it necessary that this changes would happen in short term. Silk industry has lots to contribute with Circular Economy and it would be great to have silk as a protagonist of a “post COVID-19 sustainable fashion concept” where products are designed, produced and used to last longer.
新冠肺炎正在降低全球所有行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)速度。這種突然的下降將為加強(qiáng)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)概念創(chuàng)造環(huán)境，使循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)脫離自然資源消耗。在時(shí)尚方面，可持續(xù)性的必要性指出了中長期減少消費(fèi)的必要性，H＆M和Zara等大型零售商正在適應(yīng)這一趨勢。疫情讓我們認(rèn)識(shí)到有必要在短期內(nèi)進(jìn)行改變。絲綢業(yè)可以為循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)做出很多貢獻(xiàn)，將絲綢作為“后新冠肺炎可持續(xù)時(shí)尚理念”的主角是一件很棒的事情，絲綢產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)和使用時(shí)間將持續(xù)更久。
Kailpar Engineering Co., Ltd. （印度）
As per current global situation it’s tough & wait for virus settled & demand picks up. If prices goes down too much then demand will not be there but industry peoples loose more. We had seen same recently. So I feel price stability is more important now which is a tough subject. Silk industry research of different category of fabric is going down day by day due to poor margins. If research people concentrate on silk blended fabric with some innovation of color observance more as in polyester fabrics or something price affordability to add middle class customers to use it then demand should be created.
根據(jù)目前的全球形勢，很難等待病毒穩(wěn)定下來，需求回升。如果價(jià)格下跌太多，那么需求就不會(huì)太大，業(yè)內(nèi)人士會(huì)更加松散。我們最近已經(jīng)看到這樣的形勢了。因此，我認(rèn)為價(jià)格穩(wěn)定更為重要，雖然這是一個(gè)難題。由于利潤率低，不同絲綢面料品種的開發(fā)研究正在日趨減少。如果研究人員更多地關(guān)注絲綢混紡，如絲與滌綸或者其它價(jià)格合理的纖維混紡時(shí)染色工藝的協(xié)調(diào)，從而增加中產(chǎn)階級客戶，那么就能夠創(chuàng)造需求。
Karnatak University （印度）
As COVID-19 has transformed into a global pandemic, safety of individuals working in the field has become primary concern. As sericulture is a labour intensive industry which involves human intervention in each step of silk production to processing and sales. In my opinion safety precauations and educating the workers in industries about the virus infection is most essential.
The government should support the industries by providing tax benefits to cope up with the decreased production
The companies should show compassion and strengthen and support the workers and ensure them safe environment for working in silk industries.
隨著新冠肺炎變成全球性大流行，絲綢領(lǐng)域內(nèi)工作人員的安全已成為首要問題。由于蠶桑業(yè)是一個(gè)勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，在絲綢生產(chǎn)加工到銷售的每一步都涉及人工參與。我認(rèn)為，安全預(yù)防措施和對工人進(jìn)行病毒感染的教育是最重要的。
政府應(yīng)通過提供稅收優(yōu)惠來支持行業(yè)，以應(yīng)對產(chǎn)量下降。
公司應(yīng)心系員工，加強(qiáng)和確保他們工作環(huán)境的安全性。
Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi （泰國）
The crisis of COVID-19 has widely and hardly impacted to national and world economy. The economic of many nations have turn downward sharply, which made people cut down the spending for luxury goods. Silk and silk products are among the luxury goods that consumers would definitely postponed their purchase.
To increase the sale of silk products during this crisis would be toward medical care products.
The government could support the industry by reduce tax and vat for the whole pipeline of the silk productions.
During this epidemic, companies should slow down the production of luxury product and turn to focus on research and development of silk for healthcare and medical use.
新冠肺炎已對國家和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重影響。許多國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)急劇下滑，這使人們減少了奢侈品消費(fèi)。絲綢和絲綢產(chǎn)品是消費(fèi)者肯定會(huì)推遲購買的奢侈品之一。
在此危機(jī)期間要增加絲綢產(chǎn)品的銷售應(yīng)將轉(zhuǎn)向醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品。
政府可以通過減少整個(gè)絲綢生產(chǎn)過程中的稅收和增值稅來支持該行業(yè)。
疫情期間，公司應(yīng)放慢奢侈品的生產(chǎn)，而轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)Ｗ⒂诒＝『歪t(yī)療用途的絲綢研發(fā)。
越南蠶桑協(xié)會(huì)
In order to help the companies and the workers, the Government of Vietnam worked out many policies to support:
1. Delay/postponed land rentals, VAT tax. 2. Loan with low rate and extend the due date of loan. 3. 3 months basic salary for who no work because of Covid-19.
In sericulture, the seriously impacted on farmers and companies:
1. Cocoon prices drop 50% compared with before Covid-19. 2. Cocoons can not be exported
越南蠶桑協(xié)會(huì)提供信息：為了幫助企業(yè)和工人，越南政府制定了許多政策來支持：
1. 延遲/推遲土地租金、增值稅；2. 低利率貸款并延長貸款還款日；3. 為因Covid-19而無法工作的人員發(fā)放3個(gè)月的基本工資。
蠶桑業(yè)中，對農(nóng)民和企業(yè)的嚴(yán)重影響：
1. 繭價(jià)格比Covid-19之前下跌了50％；
2. 繭不能出口。
會(huì)安絲綢村（越南）
Changes: Customer's consumptions will go down due to their financial affect during the epidemic. The supply chain is broken due to many countries being affected, they stop export/import process. During the quarantine period, human resource is stopped, the whole process is on pending state.
Company does: Focus on customer basic needs, what they really need after the epiedmic would be over, since customer start to save money, it will take time for customer financial recovery.
Price - reasonable price.
疫情導(dǎo)致的現(xiàn)狀：疫情期間，由于客戶經(jīng)濟(jì)受到影響，其消費(fèi)量將下降。許多國家受到疫情影響，企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈中斷，停止了進(jìn)出口活動(dòng)。在隔離期間，人類資源被迫停止，整個(gè)過程處于待處理狀態(tài)。
公司應(yīng)該做什么：關(guān)注客戶的基本需求，疫情結(jié)束后他們真正需要的東西將會(huì)上升。目前，消費(fèi)者注重省錢，因此需要一段時(shí)間來恢復(fù)客戶的消費(fèi)。
合理的價(jià)格。
圣淘沙絲綢 （柬埔寨）
At the moment, people will prioritize about their life and spend money to save their life. What we need to produce at this point is something to increase the immune system, germs repellant products, and suits to protect the users from germs. At this point, no one wants to leave the house…therefore maybe fashionable indoor dresses will be fine. Create a fashion face mask that goes with the dress, and etc., Market silk as germs repellant.
目前，人們將優(yōu)先考慮自己的生活，并將錢花在維持生活上。此時(shí)，我們需要生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品是可以增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)并能夠防菌，保護(hù)使用者免受細(xì)菌侵害。疫情期間，沒有人想離開家...因此，也許時(shí)髦的室內(nèi)衣服會(huì)很好。 設(shè)計(jì)與衣服搭配的時(shí)尚口罩等，將市面上的蠶絲作為防菌產(chǎn)品。
Lao Sericulture ( 老撾)
In case of Mulberries our main customer is touristor who visiting Laos. in this situation not many forigner comming to visit Laos selling consumption dropep a lot. We now try to promote online market For the government side, it would be great if the goverment cound have some promotion subsidies for domestic market and oversea online market or tax reduction.
我們的主要客戶是來老撾旅游的游客，在疫情蔓延的情況下，沒有太多外國游客前來旅游，老撾消費(fèi)品大幅下降�，F(xiàn)在，我們嘗試推廣在線市場。對于政府而言，如果政府對國內(nèi)市場和海外線上市場提供一定的推廣補(bǔ)貼和減稅，那就太好了。
群島天然絲綢有限公司 （印度尼西亞）
The sericulture in Indonesia has just started. Due to the large area of mulberry trees planted and the fertile land in Indonesia, it will surely become the largest production base of sericulture and raw silk in Southeast Asia. At present, we are in the development stage, only a small amount of silk cocoons are produced, and there are not related to production and sales. Facing COVID-19, our development slowed down. If we can plant mulberry trees and raise silkworms as scheduled, there will be better development. Currently it can only be determined based on the Chinese market.
印尼的桑蠶業(yè)剛剛起步，由于印尼栽種桑樹面積大，土地肥沃，必將成為東南亞最大的蠶桑、白廠絲的生產(chǎn)基地。目前，我們處于開發(fā)期，只有少量生產(chǎn)絲繭，沒有涉及生產(chǎn)銷售方面的問題，只是疫情面前，使我們的開發(fā)速度放緩，如我們能如期栽種桑樹，養(yǎng)蠶，就會(huì)有較好的開發(fā)。目前也要根據(jù)中國市場來確定。
Q
您的身份是
What is your identity
Q
為應(yīng)對疫情，您所在國家和城市為絲綢企業(yè)提供了哪些支持
In response to the COVID-19, what support has your country and city provided for silk enterprises
**圓環(huán)圖反饋的“其他”問題中，來自巴西、印度、泰國、老撾的多位專家表示截止提交問卷前，當(dāng)?shù)卣疀]有提供相關(guān)支持。
Concerning the answer “other”, we find that many experts from Brazil, India, Thailand, and Laos stated that the local government did not provide relevant support before the submission of the questionnaire.
Q
為應(yīng)對疫情，您認(rèn)為哪些措施是絲綢企業(yè)的當(dāng)務(wù)之急
In response to the COVID-19, what measures do you think are the top priorities for silk enterprises
**圓環(huán)圖反饋的“其他”問題中，多位專家表示絲價(jià)穩(wěn)定、減少產(chǎn)量是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。
Concerning the answer “other” , we find that some experts expressed that the price stability and production reduce are the top priorities for silk enterprises.
Q
您認(rèn)為絲綢行業(yè)未來發(fā)展中，應(yīng)積極吸收并采用以下哪些新技術(shù)
In the future development of the silk industry, which of the following new technologies should actively absorb and adopt
企業(yè)/單位基本信息
Q
經(jīng)營范圍
Business scope
**由于科研機(jī)構(gòu)、行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)等單位不涉及企業(yè)生產(chǎn)貿(mào)易，未對此題做答復(fù)，在圓環(huán)圖中顯示為“空”。以下圓環(huán)圖中意思相同。
"空" in the diagram means that some scientific research institutions, industry associations and units are not involved in production and trade, and have not answered this question. It also has the same meaning in the following diagram.
Q
企業(yè)規(guī)模
Enterprise scale
Q
2019年企業(yè)年?duì)I業(yè)收入(美元)
Annual operating income in 2019 (USD)
Q
企業(yè)主要經(jīng)銷模式
Enterprise' main distribution model
新冠肺炎對企業(yè)的影響
Q
截至目前，企業(yè)開工情況
Up to now, the situation of business start-up
Q
企業(yè)訂單/服務(wù)主要地區(qū)
Enterprise orders source or the major services regions
Q
因此次疫情，企業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)2020年生產(chǎn)或經(jīng)營損失
Enterprise’s expected lose to lose production or operations in 2020 because of COVID-19
Q
企業(yè)目前的主要困難
Enterprise's current major difficulties
Q
企業(yè)預(yù)測2020年一季度訂單量與上年同期相比
Enterprise's predict on the order volume in the first quarter of 2020 compared with the same period of the previous year
Q
企業(yè)預(yù)測2020年?duì)I業(yè)收入比上年
Enterprise's predict on operating income in 2020 compared to the previous year
調(diào)研結(jié)論
在國際絲綢聯(lián)盟各絲綢生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)國行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)、組織、企業(yè)的支持和參與下，本次調(diào)研獲得了新冠疫情影響下意大利、日本、巴西、印度、泰國、越南、柬埔寨、老撾、印度尼西亞等9個(gè)主要絲綢國的生產(chǎn)/消費(fèi)數(shù)據(jù)、現(xiàn)狀與觀點(diǎn)，參與的企業(yè)包括面料生產(chǎn)、印染加工和制成品等，綜合問卷數(shù)據(jù)和專家觀點(diǎn)，主要有如下結(jié)論：
With the support and participation of the industry associations, organizations, and companies, the survey conducted by ISU has collected the production and consumption data, the current situation and main views from nine silk countries including Italy, Japan, Brazil, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia. The companies involve in fabrics production, printing and dyeing, and finished products production, etc. Based on the questionnaire data and expert opinions, the main conclusions are as follows:
1、生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營情況：目前，全球疫情高峰還尚未出現(xiàn)，與大多數(shù)行業(yè)一樣，從生產(chǎn)到貿(mào)易，國際絲綢行業(yè)都遭受了嚴(yán)重影響，線下消費(fèi)基本處于冰凍狀態(tài)，行業(yè)與企業(yè)處于或大或小的各種焦慮之中，一半的受訪者認(rèn)為2020年生產(chǎn)或經(jīng)營損失將在30%以下，這是大環(huán)境所導(dǎo)致。
Production and operation situation: At present, the global epidemic peak has not yet appeared. Like most industries, the international silk industry has suffered severe impacts from production to trade, offline consumption is basically frozen, the industry and enterprises were in various anxieties large or small, half of the respondents believe that production and operating losses will be less than 30% by 2020, which is caused by the general environment.
2、面臨困難與應(yīng)對舉措：面對疫情沖擊，40%的企業(yè)存在資金周轉(zhuǎn)困難。當(dāng)前，各國政策支持多體現(xiàn)在稅收和貸款兩個(gè)方面。在疫情結(jié)束時(shí)間尚未明朗之前，絲綢企業(yè)應(yīng)充分利用當(dāng)前政策支持，積極申請低息貸款，減少對外投資，優(yōu)化企業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，合理控制生產(chǎn)成本與支出，避免資金周轉(zhuǎn)困難或資金鏈斷裂。
Difficulties and countermeasures: Facing the impact of epidemic, 40% of enterprises have difficulty in capital turnover. At present, the main policy support of various countries is the taxation and loans. The end of the epidemic still unclear, silk enterprises should make full use of the current policy support, actively apply for low-interest loans, reduce foreign investment, optimize the internal structure of the enterprise, rationally control production costs and expenditures, and avoid difficult capital turnover or broken capital chains.
3、轉(zhuǎn)型與發(fā)展建議：絲綢是傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)，絲綢產(chǎn)品也并非生活必需品，屬于提高生活品質(zhì)的享受型消費(fèi)，70%的受訪者表示市場需求明顯下降。疫情之后，如何振興市場需求是行業(yè)需要共同探討的熱點(diǎn)問題。專家建議有如下幾個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：
Transformation and development suggestions: Silk is a traditional industry, and silk products are not necessities of life. Silk belong to enjoyable consumption that improves the quality of life. 70% of the respondents said that market demand has declined significantly. After the epidemic, how to revitalize market demand is a hot issue that the industry needs to discuss together. Expert recommendations are as follows:
1）產(chǎn)品方面：提升產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新和研發(fā)。如改善絲綢性能與品質(zhì)，研發(fā)醫(yī)療防護(hù)、健康衛(wèi)生的絲綢產(chǎn)品等；
2）生產(chǎn)方面：打造數(shù)字化工廠，實(shí)現(xiàn)供應(yīng)鏈上下游快速響應(yīng)，減少庫存；
3）貿(mào)易方面：建立長期穩(wěn)定的外貿(mào)合作伙伴，擴(kuò)展合作領(lǐng)域，增強(qiáng)抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力；
4）銷售方面：依托互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，充分利用絲綢的可持續(xù)時(shí)尚理念，探索“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)”路徑。
1) In terms of products: Improve products quality, strengthen innovation, research and development. Such as improving silk performance and quality, developing medical protection and health silk products;
2) In terms of production: Build a digital factory to achieve rapid response in the upstream and downstream of the supply chain and reduce inventory;
3) In terms of trade: Establish long-term and stable foreign trade partners, expand cooperation areas, and enhance anti-risk capabilities;
4) In terms of sales: Relying on the Internet, make full use of the sustainable fashion concept of silk, and explore the path of "Internet + traditional industries".
絲綢，素有“纖維皇后”之美譽(yù)，在紡織行業(yè)中占有重要地位。面對疫情的沖擊，我們應(yīng)該樹立自信心，政府、協(xié)會(huì)和企業(yè)抱團(tuán)發(fā)展，視疫情為轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)，對內(nèi)自我完善，對外力求平穩(wěn)，相信可以共克艱難，迎來曙光。
Silk, known as the "Queen of Fibers", occupies an important position in the textile industry. Facing the impact of epidemic, we should build self-confidence, governments, associations and enterprises hold together for development, and we should regard the epidemic as a turning point, improve ourselves internally, and strive for stability externally. We believe that we can overcome the difficulties together and usher in the dawn.
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